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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Bergen |government_type = 1923 Municipal Manager Law |government_footnotes = 〔 |governing_body = City Council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = John P. Labrosse, Jr. (term ends June 30, 2017)〔(2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory ), New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 11, 2015. As of date accessed, Labrosse is listed as mayor with an incorrect term-end year of 2016.〕 |leader_title1 = City manager |leader_name1 = Stephen Lo Iacono〔(City Manager ), City of Hackensack. Accessed August 4, 2012.〕 |leader_title2 = Clerk |leader_name2 = Debbie Heck〔(City Clerk ), City of Hackensack. Accessed August 4, 2012.〕 |established_title = Settled |established_title2 = Incorporated |established_date = 1665 (as New Barbadoes) |established_date2 = October 31, 1693 (as New Barbadoes Township) |established_title3 = Reincorporated |established_date3 = November 21, 1921 (as a city under current name) |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = 〔(2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.〕 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 11.256 |area_land_km2 = 10.826 |area_water_km2 = 0.430 |area_total_sq_mi = 4.346 |area_land_sq_mi = 4.180 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.166 |area_water_percent = 3.82 |area_rank = 287th of 566 in state 16th of 70 in county〔 |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_note = |population_footnotes = 〔(DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Hackensack city, Bergen County, New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 10, 2011.〕〔〔(Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Hackensack borough ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 13, 2011.〕 |population_total = 43010 |population_rank = 46th of 566 in state 1st of 70 in county〔(GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 20, 2012.〕 |population_density_km2 = 3973.0 |population_density_sq_mi = 10290.0 |population_density_rank = 36th of 566 in state 10th of 70 in county〔 |population_est = 44519 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern (EDT) |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = 〔, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.〕 |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 20 |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |coordinates_region = US-NJ |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_footnotes = 〔〔(US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |latd = 40.889398 |longd = -74.045698 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 07601〔(Look Up a ZIP Code ), United States Postal Service. Accessed November 8, 2011.〕〔(Zip Codes ), State of New Jersey. Accessed August 29, 2013.〕 |area_code = 201〔(Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Hackensack, NJ ), Area-Codes.com. Accessed August 29, 2013.〕 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 3400328680〔〔(American FactFinder ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕〔(A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey ), Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed August 4, 2012.〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 885236〔〔(US Board on Geographic Names ), United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |website = |footnotes = }} Hackensack is a city in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, and serves as its county seat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕〔(Bergen County, NJ ), National Association of Counties. Accessed January 22, 2013.〕 It was officially named New Barbadoes Township until 1921, though it was informally known as Hackensack. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 43,010,〔〔〔 reflecting an increase of 333 (+0.8%) from the 42,677 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,628 (+15.2%) from the 37,049 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed August 4, 2012.〕 An inner suburb of New York City, Hackensack is located approximately northwest of Midtown Manhattan and about from the George Washington Bridge.〔 From a number of locations, one can see the New York City skyline.〔Rondinaro, Gene. ("IF YOU'RE THINKING OF LIVING IN: HACKENSACK" ), ''The New York Times'', March 18, 1984. Accessed December 13, 2011. "There are other signs of renewed health. New high-rise residential buildings with exceptional views of the Manhattan skyline have sprung up along Prospect Avenue in the ''Heights'' area to the west."〕 The Metropolitan Campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University borders the Hackensack River in both Hackensack and Teaneck. Hackensack is also the home of the New Jersey Naval Museum and the World War II submarine ''USS Ling''. Astronaut Walter Schirra is perhaps Hackensack's most famous native son. The city is known for a great diversity of neighborhoods and land uses existing in very close proximity to each other. Within its borders are the prominent Hackensack University Medical Center, a trendy high-rise district about a mile long, classic suburban neighborhoods of single-family houses, stately older homes on acre-plus lots, older two-family neighborhoods, large garden apartment complexes, industrial areas, the Bergen County Jail, a tidal river, Hackensack River County Park, Borg's Woods Nature Preserve, various city parks, large office buildings, a major college campus, the Bergen County Court House, a vibrant small-city downtown district, and various small neighborhood business districts.〔Cheslow, Jerry. ("If You're Thinking of Living In/Hackensack, N.J.; After Long Decline, Downtown Rebounds" ), ''The New York Times'', May 3, 1998. Accessed December 13, 2011.〕 ==History== The first inhabitants of the area were the Lenni Lenape, an Algonquian people (later known as the Delaware Indians) who lived along the valley of what they called the ''Achinigeu-hach'', or "''Ackingsah-sack''", meaning ''stony ground'' (today the Hackensack River).〔Wright, Kevin W. (The Indigenous Population of Bergen County ), Bergen County Historical Society. Accessed June 30, 2011. "Achkinckeshacky or Acking-sack, (later Hackensack) is an approximation of Achsinnigeu-haki, meaning stony ground."〕 A representation of Chief Oratam of the Achkinhenhcky appears on the Hackensack municipal seal. The most common explanation is that the city was named for the Native American tribe,〔(The Origin of New Jersey Place Names: H ), GetNJ.com. Accessed July 2, 2007.〕〔Cheslow, Jerry. ("If You're Thinking of Living In/Hackensack, N.J.; After Long Decline, Downtown Rebounds" ), ''The New York Times'', May 3, 1998. Accessed July 2, 2007. "Hackensack is named for the Achkinhenhcky branch of the Leni Lenape Indians, who traded with Dutch settlers along the Hackensack River as far back as the 1660s. The portrait of their chief, Oratam, who negotiated a treaty with English and Dutch settlers in 1690, appears on the municipal seal."〕 though other sources attribute it to a Native American word variously translated as meaning "hook mouth", "stream that unites with another on low ground", "on low ground" or "land of the big snake",〔Hutchinson, Viola L. (''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names'' ), New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 31, 2015.〕〔Gannett, Henry. (''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States'' ), p. 146. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed August 31, 2015.〕 while another version described as "more colorful than probable" attributes the name to an inn called the "Hock and Sack".〔Herman, Jennifer (''New Jersey Encyclopedia'' ), p. 281. State History Publications, 2008. ISBN 9781878592446. Accessed August 31, 2015.〕 Settlement by the Dutch West India Company in New Netherland on west banks of the North River (Hudson River) across from New Amsterdam (present-day lower Manhattan) began in the 1630s at Pavonia, eventually leading to the establishment of Bergen (at today's Bergen Square in Jersey City) in 1660.〔("Bergen; Original boundaries included most of present-day Hudson County,East of Newark Bay and the Hackensack River." ), Jersey City Past and Present, New Jersey City University. Accessed December 8, 2013.〕 Oratam, sachem of the Lenni Lenape, deeded the land along mid-Hackensack River to the Dutch in 1665. The area was soon taken by the English in 1667, but kept its Dutch name. Philip Cartaret, governor of what became the proprietary colony of East Jersey granted land to Captain John Berry in the area of Achter Kol〔(Historical marker of Achter Col "colony" ), Historical Marker Database. Accessed December 8, 2013.〕 and soon after took up residence and called it "New Barbadoes," after having resided on the island of Barbadoes. In 1669, a deed was confirmed for the tract that had been given earlier by Oratem to Sarah Kiersted in gratitude for her work as emissary and interpreter.〔''Women’s Center News: a Publication of Women's Rights Information Center'' Englewood, New Jersey; www.womensrights.org〕〔Nottle, Diane. ("Do You Know These Women?" ), ''The New York Times'', March 1, 1998. Accessed December 8, 2013. "Even before the Elizabeths, a Dutch housewife named Sarah Kiersted was learning the language of the local Lenape Indians, possibly as early as the 1640's. She became a channel of communication between Dutch settlers and the Lenape Chief Oratam, and for her services the chief granted her almost 2,300 acres -- comprising all of Ridgefield Park and sections of Teaneck and Bogota -- in 1666."〕 Other grants were given at the English Neighborhood.〔(Poppino/Popenoe/Popnoe& Allied Families ), September 15, 2008. Accessed December 18, 2011.〕〔(Archives Documents, Manuscripts, Maps, & Photographs: Manuscript Group 944, Edsall Family (English Neighborhood, NJ) ), New Jersey Historical Society. Accessed December 18, 2011.〕〔(Brief History of Ridgefield ), Ridgefield Online, backed up by the Internet Archive as of April 18, 2012. Accessed July 31, 2014. "In 1675, Ridgefield was known as the English Neighborhood, covering an area of about 10 square miles from the Hudson River on the east to the Hackensack River on the west, Englewood on the north and Hudson County on the south."〕 In 1675, the East Jersey Legislature established the administrative districts: (Bergen, Essex, Middlesex, and Monmouth). In 1683, Bergen (along with the three other counties) was officially recognized as an independent county by the Provincial Assembly.〔(History of Bergen County ), Bergen County Technical Schools, backed up by the Internet Archive as of January 26, 2007. Accessed June 1, 2015.〕 (The seal of Bergen County ) bearing this date includes an image of an agreement between the settlers and the natives. New Barbadoes Township, together with Acquackanonk Township, were formed by Royal charter on October 31, 1693.〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 78-79 re Hackensack, p. 82 re New Barbadoes. Accessed September 10, 2012〕〔Edited by Harvey, Cornelius Burnham. ("Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen Counties New Jersey: INTRODUCTION OF TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENTS" ), Originally published in 1900. Accessed December 8, 2013.〕 In 1700, the village of Hackensack was little more than the area around Main Street from the Courthouse to around Anderson Street. New Barbadoes Township included what is now Maywood, Rochelle Park, Paramus and River Edge, along with those portions of Oradell that are west of the Hackensack River. These areas were all very sparsely populated and consisted of farm fields, woods and swamplands. The few roads that existed then included the streets now known as Kinderkamack Road, Paramus Road/Passaic Street and Essex Street. The southernmost portions of what is now Hackensack were not part of New Barbadoes Township at that time. The neighborhood that came to be known as the village of Hackensack (today the area encompassing Bergen County's municipal buildings in Hackensack) was a part of Essex County until 1710, when Bergen County, by royal decree of Queen Anne of Great Britain, was enlarged and the Township of New Barbadoes was removed from Essex County and added to Bergen County.〔Lang, Arnold. ("Bergen County's Townships and Municipalities - Part I" ), ''The Archivist'', May 1999, Genealogical Society of Bergen County. Accessed December 13, 2011.〕 In 1710, the village of Hackensack in the newly formed Township of New Barbadoes was designated as being more centrally located and more easily reached by the majority of the Bergen County’s inhabitants, and hence was chosen as the county seat of Bergen County, as it remains today. The earliest records of the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders date back to 1715, at which time agreement was made to build a courthouse and jail complex, which was completed in 1716.〔(Bergen's History ), Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed December 13, 2011.〕 During the American Revolutionary War, George Washington headquartered in the village of Hackensack in November 1776 during the retreat from Fort Lee via New Bridge Landing and camped on 'The Green' across from the First Dutch Reformed Church on November 20, 1776. A raid by British forces against Hackensack on March 23, 1780, resulted in the destruction by fire of the original courthouse structure.〔(Grant Reaps Beautiful Results in Hackensack ), Representative Steve Rothman. Accessed December 13, 2011.〕 The Hackensack Improvement Commission was incorporated by an Act of the state legislature approved on April 1, 1868, within New Barbadoes township and including the village of Hackensack, with authority to develop sewers and other improvements in Hackensack.〔(''Mary G. Bakman, et. al. v. The Hackensack Commission'' ), ''Reports of cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court and, at law, in the Court of Errors and Appeals of the State of New Jersey, Volume 70'', pp. 500-502. Accessed December 13, 2011.〕 The New Jersey Legislature passed the Township School Act in 1894, under which each village, borough, town, or city in New Jersey was delegated responsibility for its own public schools through the office of the county superintendent. Hackensack established a local board of education in 1894, as required by the new law, which took over operation of schools located in the township and established Hackensack High School.〔(History of the Hackensack Board of Education ). Accessed December 13, 2011.〕 The 1894 act allowed local residents, by petition, to change municipal boundaries at will, setting off fearsome political battles statewide. Portions of the township had been taken to form Harrington Township (June 22, 1775), Lodi Township (March 1, 1826), Midland Township (March 7, 1871) and Little Ferry (September 20, 1894).〔 After these departures, secessions, and de-annexations, all that was left of New Barbadoes Township was the village of Hackensack and its surrounding neighborhoods of Fairmount, Red Hill and Cherry Hill. In 1896, New Barbadoes acquired a portion of Lodi Township covering an area south of Essex Street from the bend of Essex Street to the Maywood border. That same year the Hackensack Improvement commission was abolished and the City of Hackensack and New Barbadoes Township became coterminous.〔(Chapter 138: A further Supplement to an act entitled "An act to incorporate the Hackensack improvement commission," approved April first, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, extending the boundaries thereof. ), ''Acts of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey, Session of 1896'', p. 196. New Jersey Legislature, 1896. Accessed December 13, 2011.〕〔Wright, Kevin. ("PUNKIN DUSTER FINDS THE WOODCHUCK BOROUGH: A Centennial Review of Bergen County Borough Fever 1894-95" ), Bergen County Historical Society. Accessed December 13, 2011. "In February 1896, the Legislature annexed a portion of Lodi Township to New Barbadoes so as to place Polifly Road as far south as the Lodi Branch Railroad within the boundaries of the Hackensack Improvement Commission. Scuttlebutt had it that the 'chief purpose (the annexation ) is, as appears on the surface, to secure improvement of Polifly road.' By further act of the legislature, the Township of New Barbadoes became conterminous in boundaries with the city of Hackensack and the New Barbadoes Township Committee was abolished in favor of government by the Hackensack Improvement Board of Commissioners."〕 The final parcel lost by New Barbadoes Township was the northeastern corner of what is now Little Ferry, which was incorporated in September 1894.〔(Bergen County New Jersey Municipalities ), Dutch Door Genealogy. Accessed December 13, 2011. "Little Ferry became a Bergen County, N.J. borough organized by referendum September 18, 1894 and incorporated September 20, 1894 from area taken from Lodi and New Barbardoes Townships."〕 An act of the State Legislature incorporated the Fairmount section of New Barbadoes with the Hackensack Improvement Commission, and eliminated New Barbadoes Township as a political entity. On November 21, 1921, based on the results of a referendum held on November 8, 1921, New Barbadoes Township received its charter to incorporate as a city and ''officially'' took on its name “Hackensack,” a name derived from its original inhabitants, the Lenni Lenape, who named it "''Ackingsah-sack''".〔 In 1933, Hackensack adopted the Manager form of government under the terms of the 1923 Municipal Manager Law, with five Council persons all elected at-large and a mayor selected by the council from among its members.〔(Historic Meeting Minutes ), City of Hackensack. Accessed December 13, 2011. "The City's form of government was changed by referendum vote on May 23, 1933, to the Municipal Manager Plan. This called for the appointment of a professional manager and a five-person Council elected at large. The first new Council was elected June 20, 1933."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hackensack, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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